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Mats of colourless sulphur bacteria from a relatively exposed shallow water sediment and from a deeper, more protected sediment were studied. In the exposed habitat, patches of white sulphur bacteria had a limited lifet~me and displayed a characteristic succession in which small sulphur bacteria (Thiospira, Macrornonas) dominated at f~rs t followed by Thiovulurn, which was eventually displaced by Beggiatoa; during summer phototrophic organisms dominated. Th~ovulum films were only -0.2 mm thick and the projected area of the cells covered only 7 to 36% of the sediment surface while mats of filamentous bacteria were thicker and represented a higher biomass. In the protected locality the Beggiatoa mats were -0.6 mm thick and represented a 10-fold higher biovolume than those from the exposed hab~ ta t . The projected area of the f~laments covered 2 to 3 x the surface area of the sediment and had a combined length of 10 to 70 m cm-"he mats had a poroslty of 90 to 95% and did not contain a mucous matrix. Phototrophs (mainly filamentous cyanobactena and diatoms) were always present. Protozoan biota included more than 80 species and represented a high cell density (correspondIng to 104-10' cillates m1 ' in addition to flagellates and lobose amoebae). Many species depended on sulphur bacter~a for food. The mats sometimes also harboured several representatives of meioand macrofauna

Mats of colourless sulphur bacteria. II. Structure, composition of biota and successional patterns