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Author(s): Duke, Elena | Advisor(s): Burton, Ron S | Abstract: Marine protected areas have become an important management tool that can provide data regarding human impacts on the ocean while protecting exploited species, enhancing biodiversity and protecting ecosystems. Long-term monitoring of reserves is critical to assess how global processes such as natural environmental variation and climate change affect marine populations. We conducted fish egg surveys in both soft bottom habitat and kelp forest and identify fish eggs using DNA barcoding. We compared these data to baseline spawning data established by Harada et al 2015. We documented large inter-annual variability in fish egg abundance associated with climatic fluctuations, including an El Nino event captured during our sampling years. Interestingly, we observed a phenological shift of peak spawning activity during 2017. We found inter-annual fish egg abundance may be linked with upwelling regimes and winter temperatures. We found no distinct differences in community composition between habitats we sampled. Through long-term monitoring of fish spawning we can understand how natural environmental variation such as El Nino events affect fish populations which will help us predict how temperature increases associated with climate change will affect marine fish populations. Furthermore, long-term monitoring can help track trends in marine resource availability and evaluate marine reserve efficacy.

Large interannual variation in spawning in San Diego marine protected areas captured by molecular identification of fish eggs