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Mussels Mytilus edulis were collected from Whitsand Bay in southwest England during Apnl, July and September 1993 and January 1994, and fed a defined diet of prekilled microalgae with one of 2 types of mixed protein/carbohydrate microcapsules. Both capsule types were comprised of the same w/w proportion of "N-labeled protein and nonlabeled carbohydrate. However, Types 1 and 2 contained trace amounts of ["Clcarbohydrate and [14C]protein, respectively. Defecation, excretion, respirdtion and incorporation of I4C and "N isotopes were measured to describe the mussel's relative utilization of dietary carbohydrate (I4C from Type l ) , protein-C (l" from Type 2) and protein-N (15N from Types 1 and 2). In each experiment, mussels ingested similar quantities of capsule Types 1 and 2. However, the '4C-assimilation efficiency for carbohydrate (16 to 20%) was significantly greater than the 14C-assimilation efficiency for protein (7 to 15%). In contrast, protein-N was always assimilated with greater efficiency (25 to 82%) than either carbohydrate or protein-C. The difference in assimilation efficiency between protein-N and protein-C indicates that a large proportion of amino acids from dietary protein were hydrolyzed, with amlno-N being preferentially assimilated. The relatively poor assimilatlon of amino-C indicates that mussels were not nutritionally limited by energy since amino-C generated by the energy-intensive digestion process was not fully catabolized in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (i.e. not respired). The conservation of protein-N relative to protein-C was particularly noticeable in July when rates of ingestion and ammonia excretion were lowest, <l % of absorbed ( '5~]pro te in was excreted, and [I5N]protein assimilation was 5 times more efficient than [I4C]protein assimilation. Further, rates of protein synthesis were greatest in July (71.2 mg d-'), compared with April, September and January (39.2, 58.9 and 20.5 mg d-l). These findings suggest that seasonal variation in dietary protein utilization in M. edulis is governed chiefly by changing anabolic demands for amino-N, rather than by requirements for energy or essential amino acids.

Seasonal variation in the relative utilization of dietary protein for energy and biosynthesis by the mussel Mytilus edulis