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Undescribed deep-sea mussels containing methanotrophic endosymbionts (seep mytilid Ia) are found at high densities around hydrocarbon seeps of the Gulf of Mexico where methane, nitrate and ammonium are present at high concentrations. In this study we investigated assimilation of ammonium, nitrate, glycine and methane using I5Nand '3C-labelled tracers to determine sites of assimilation, rates of assimilation, and the chemcal form in which ass'imilated C and N appears. We then investigated the interaction between inorganic nitrogen assimilation and methane assimilation to assess whether they are directly dependent on each other. 15N03-, " N H ~ and I3CH, were assimilated primarily into the gills where the bacteria are located, with negligible incorporation into symbiont-free tissue. In c~nt ras t ,~~C'~N-glyc ine was assimilated equally into gill and symbiont-free tissue. These results indicate that inorganic N is assimilated in the gill tissue. The bulk of 13C and I5N label from methane and ammonium incubations was in the 80 % EtOH soluble fraction, suggesting that the primary assimilation product was low-molecular-weight metabolites. Some I3C was incorporated into carbon storage products. Mussels that assindated excess I 3 C ~ , converted 35 % of I3CH, into an EtOH insoluble form. Negligible I5N label was observed in this fraction. Inorganic N assimilation and methane assimilation were not tightly coupled. N assin~ilation was not affected by absence of methane or inhibition of methanotrophy. Methane assimilation was not stimulated by increased N assimilation. Seep mythds were capable of luxury consumption of inorganic N, i.e. C/N assimilation ratios below the average C/N ratio of mussel tissues (4.2). We believe that luxury consumption is supported by C reserves resulting in part from methanotrophy. From relations between CH, and N source concentration and assimilation rate, we estimated the environmental conditions that result in balanced C/N assimilation. From this analysis we predict that at environmentally realistic methane and inorganic N concentrations seep mytilids assimilate excess CH,.

marine ecology. progress series

Assimilation of inorganic nitrogen by seep mytilid Ia, an undescribed deep-sea mussel containing methanotrophic endosymbionts:fate of assimilated nitrogen and the relation between methane and nitrogen assimilation