English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

We investigated the distribution and relative abundance of flyingfish spawning substrata (flotsam), eggs and larvae by neuston tows at 40 stations across a 67 500 square nautical mile (mm2) area of the eastern Caribbean from April 10 to May 6, 1988. Flotsam occurred m only 48% of the tows and in quantities < 1 g nmil tow. Non-buoyant flyingfish eggs characteristic of Huundichthys affmis, Parexocoetus brachypterus and Cypselurus cyanopterus were virtually absent. Although 21 % of the 3014 fish eggs collected were flyingfish eggs, all but 3 of these were pelagic eggs characteristic of Exo- coetus spp. The rarity of eggs and flotsam suggests that flyingfish may typically spawn on floating material until it submerges, and/or spawn on submerged substrata. Catch rates of all fish larvae and of flyingfish larvae were significantly higher in day tows than night tows, and mean larval size was larger by night. This indicates that larvae, and particularly smaller larvae, may move downwards at night. This may be a light response, since P. brachypterus larvae were more abundant at the surface around full moon than new moon. Larval abundance varied significantly across the survey area for all flying- fish, and separately for E. voLitans, P. brachypterus and C. cyanopterus. Small larvae of E. volitans were more abundant at oceanic than coastal stations. The reverse was true for P. brachypterus, indicating different spawning locations for these species. The geographical distribution of larvae of C. cyano- pterus coincided with the adult distribution, both larvae and adults being rare in the southwest sector of the survey area near the South American mainland. Larvae of H. affims were relatively rare. This rarity, and the virtual absence of eggs, is surprising given the abundance of this species in the eastern Caribbean and the fact that H. affms was known to be spawning during the time of the survey. The depth at which H. affms typically spawns and hatches requires further investigation.

Distribution and relative abundance of flyingfish (Exocoetidae) in the eastern Caribbean. II. Spawning substrata, eggs and larvae