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Osmoregulation was studied in embryos, juveniles and adults of the isopod Sphaeroma serratum (Fabricius. 1787). Salinity tolerance was studied in juveniles and adults. Juveniles and adults were euryhaline. Salinity tolerance was wide at birth in stage I juveniles and it increased up to a maximum in stage IV and adults. The lower and upper lethal salinities for 50% of the animals (96 h LSSo) at 20°C varied from about 13%0 and 59%0, respectively, in stage I, to about 2% and 74%0, respectively, in stage IV and in adults. Early and late embryos had, respectively, no or weak osmoregulatory capabilities. They were isosmotic and slightly hyperosmotic to the fluid of the incubating pouches in which they developed. The adult type of osmoregulation was partly present in stage I juveniles and was fully acquired at stage 11. The osmoregulatory capacity increased in the following stages and the adult osmoregulatory efficiency was established in stage IV. In juveniles and adults, osmoregulation and salinity tolerance appeared to be correlated. The ability of S. serratum to live in a habitat subjected to large variations of salinity is achieved through 2 sequential adaptations: (1) embryos, which develop in incubating pouches, are protected in them against osmotic stress; and (2) juveniles are able to hyperregulate at birth and, therefore, after birth, all stages are euryhaline.

Ontogeny of osmoregulation and salinity tolerance in the isopod crustacean Sphaeroma serratum