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Modern and foss11 chemoautotrophlc communitiessupported by organ~c-nch whale skeletons have been reported flom the bathyal-abyssal seafloor I n the eastern and western North Paciflc Based on studies w ~ t h the research submersible ALVIN, w e describe here general habitat charactenstics and macroand megafaunal community structure of one such cominunity estimated to be >4 yr old associated with an 18 m baleanoptend skeleton at 1240 m in the Santa Catalina Basln (SCB) off California, USA The vls~ble remains of the whale in 1988-91 conslsted of partially burled skeletal inaterlal (prlmarlly vertebrae and the head complex) with a plan area of approx~mately 7 9 m 2 White and yellow mats of sulfur-ox~dizlng bacteria covered many of the bone surfaces yleldlng a n estimated mat area of at least 4 0 m q o n e collections Indicated a total attached macrofaunal community of at least 12490 ~ n d ~ v ~ d u a l s dlstnbuted among 243 specles, with 6 species w ~ t h population sizes of > 1000 lndlvlduals Megafauna associated wlth the skeleton conslsted prlinarlly of the vesicomy~d clam Veslcomya cf gigas, w ~ t h an estimated populat~on slze of 400 to 800 l n d ~ v ~ d u a l s The whale-skeleton fauna1 community was taxonomically dlstinct from that of the surrounding SCB, with >97 '% of its individuals belonging to specles very rare or absent in background sediments The whale-skeleton assemblage exhlblted strong taxonomic and functional affin~lles to other deep-sea reduclng habltats ( e g hydrothermal vents and cold seeps), marked by a prominence of veslcomyld clams and myt111d mussels with sulfide-oxld~zing, chemoautotrophic bacterial endosymbionts In addition, 5 of the whalefall specles (Pyropelta corymba, P musalca, Bathykurjla guaymasensls, Idasola washlnytonla and Coccuhna c r a l g s m t h ~ ) also appear to occur at Juan d e Fuca and/or Guaymas Basln hydrothermal vents, desplte geographic separation of 1800 kin We conclude that whale falls may nurture substantial sulfide-dependent communities at the deep-sea floor, and that some species may be dispelsing to hydrothermal vents from whale-fall habitat islands

Faunal community structure of a chemoautotrophic assemblage on whale bones in the deep northeast Pacific Ocean