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Production and excretion of nitrogenous end products was studied in the benthic Baltic isopod Saduria entomon (L.) under normoxic and anoxic conditions. S. entomon is ammonotelic. Normoxic haemolymph ammonia concentrations were 176 + 53 (SD) pm01 NH.,; I ' decreasing with time to 50 pm01 NH,' 1-' after 120 h anoxia. Normoxic ammonia efflux rate was 0.53 i0.07 (SD) pm01 NH,' g-' h-', decreasing 90% after 96 h anoxia. Normoxic haemolymph urate amounted to 135 pm01 I-', increasing after 120 h under anoxia to 741 + 79 (SD) pm01 l-' Haemolymph urate concentrations were relatively high because of the ammonia excretion and an undetectable urate excretion even under anoxia. Circulating free amino acids also increased progressively under anoxia, from the normoxic 28 to 165 mm01 1'' after 96 h anoxia. This increase was largely due to accumulation of alanine as a result of an anaerobic metabolism. Ammonia was calculated to be the quantitatively dominat~ng nitrogenous end product in S. entomon. An effective efflux of ammonia prevents an excessive build-up of toxic ammonia in the haemolymph.

Haemolymph nitrogen compounds and ammonia efflux rates under anoxia in the brackish water isopod Saduria entomon