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The Portuguese coast has overlapping distributions of species of both boreal andLusitanian origins; a large number of cold- and warm-water species have their southern or northerndistributional range edges here. A latitudinal gradient in ocean climate, particularly sea surfacetemperature (SST) and primary production, has been described along this coast. Here, wetook advantage of this gradient in ocean climate to explore affinities in the biogenic landscapestructure of subtidal shallow reefs (the abundance of habitat patches), as well as in the assemblagestructure of macroalgae and associated fishes, between each of 3 regions: Viana do Castelo(41.5° N), Peniche (39.2° N) and Sines (37.8° N). Five reefs were sampled to determine the abundanceof biogenic habitats and the assemblage structure of macroalgae and fishes in each region.The structure of the landscape, and of macroalgal and fish assemblages, differed between Vianado Castelo and Peniche and between Viana do Castelo and Sines, but not between Peniche andSines. Viana do Castelo was the only region with conspicuous kelp forests, while Peniche andSines were dominated by patches of foliose turf-forming and filamentous algae. Our studyrevealed an abrupt macroecological change from northern Portugal to central and southernPortugal, suggesting a possible biogeographical reconfiguration and recognition of a wider transitionalarea from the Atlantic into Mediterranean waters

Patterns of landscape and assemblage structure along a latitudinal gradient in ocean climate