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The concentration of carbon dioxide in seawater may affect phytoplankton physiol- ogy and ecology and their role in marine biogeochemical cycles. In order to assess the effects of CO2 on the elemental composition of marine phytoplankon, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus quotas were measured in 4 species of marine phytoplankton acclimated to 150 to 1500 ppm CO2 (5 to 50 µM) in semi-continuous cultures. Nitrogen quotas declined steeply with increasing CO2 in the centric diatoms Thalassiosira pseudonana and T. weissflogii acclimated to 150 to 380 ppm (5 to 13 µM), but more slowly as the CO2 increased from 380 to 1500 ppm (13 to 50 µM). Nitrogen demand varied little with CO2 in the pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, but was posi- tively correlated with CO2 over the range of 150 to 770 ppm in the prymnesiophyte Isochrysis galbana. Based on the nitrogenCO2 trends in centric diatoms, relief from carbonnitrogen co- limitation could lead to 2-fold larger cells as CO2 increases from 150 to 380 ppm, but only 15% larger cells from 380 to 770 ppm CO2. Phosphorus quotas in the 3 diatoms decreased as CO2 increased from 150 to 380 ppm. As previously observed in these and other species, C:N, C:P, and N:P ratios increased with increasing CO2, but the present results show that much of this variation was due to differences in nitrogen and phosphorus rather than carbon quotas. Marine phyto - plankton could provide a negative feedback against increasing CO2 over the pCO2 range of 150 to 380 ppm by supporting larger cells or higher biomass, but would support a smaller carbon sink as atmospheric CO2 rises above 380 ppm.

Carbon dioxide regulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in four species of marine phytoplankton