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13 páginas, 6 figuras, 6 tablas.We explored temporal patterns of genetic diversity and spatial genetic structure of\udthe recently introduced ascidian Perophora japonica Oka, 1927 in Europe. A fragment of the\udmitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) was sequenced for 291 colonies of one\udpopulation in Plymouth, UK, which was monitored for 9 yr after its initial discovery. A total of 238\udcolonies from 12 localities were also sequenced for population structure analyses. The temporal\udmonitoring of the Plymouth population showed a progressive loss of genetic diversity over time\udattributable to a strong initial bottleneck followed by genetic drift and/or selection. Population\udgenetic structure was consistent with the historical records of this introduction, which probably\udoriginated from oyster farming activities in France, from where the species spread to the UK and\udSpain. Only one population in France displayed high levels of genetic diversity, and most of the\udremaining populations presented very low variability. In addition, significant differentiation in\udterms of allele frequencies was detected between some populations. P. japonica has suffered a loss\udof genetic diversity in both space and time since its introduction, but this did not prevent its expansion.\udAccidental human transport is the most likely mechanism of spread within the introduced\udrange. Asexual propagation modes and chimerism in this species may play an important role in\udintroduction events. The genetic data presented here can contribute to the design of more efficient\udmanagement methods for this and similar introduced species.This research was supported by a postdoctoral\udgrant from foundation FUNDAME and a ‘Beatriu de\udPinós’ contract (Comissionat per a Universitats i Recerca\udfrom Departament d’Innovació, Universitats i Empresa,\udGeneralitat de Catalunya) to R.P.P. Funding was provided\udby project CTM2010-22218 (BENTHOMICS) of the Ministry\udof Science from the Spanish Government, the EU FP6 Network\udof Excellence ‘Marine Genomics’, the NERC Oceans\ud2025 programme and the AXA Research Fund ‘Marine\udAliens and Climate Change’ project.Peer reviewe

Bottlenecks and loss of genetic diversity: spatio-temporal patterns of genetic structure in an ascidian recently introduced in Europe