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Concentrations of dissolved and solid-phase inorganic sulfur compounds and sulfate reduct~on (SR) rates were measured in sediments along a lateral transect in the mesohaline reglon of the Chesapeake Bay estuary (USA). Area1 SK rates varied seasonally from 2 to 10, 5 to 60, and 10 to 90 mm01 m-2 d' in deep channel, channel slope and western flank sediments respectively, and with temperature according to an apparent activation energy of ca 83 kJ mol-' March through November integrated SR rates were 1.3, 5.3 and 7.3 m01 m-2 yr-' at the 3 locations respectively. Summer SR rates in other mid-bay central channel and lower bay sediments were comparable to the highest rates found along the mid-bay transect. Sulfate reduction was maximal in the top 2 to 4 cm (0.2 to 2 mm01 I-' d-') of sediment and decreased several-fold with depth to 12 cm In both midand lower bay sediments. Mid-bay central channel sediments underlying anoxic bottom water during the summer exhibited hlgh concentrations (1 to 5 mM) of dissolved sulfide (DS), whereas bioturbated flank sediments had 5to 10-fold lower DS concentrations (0.1 to 1 mM). In lower bay sediments, DS concentrations were ~ 0 . 1 mM in the upper 12 cm despite intense SR (25 to 100 mm01 m-2 dl ) . Solid phase reduced sulfur concentrations in midand lower bay sediments were not correlated with SR rates. Comparison of annual SR with reduced sulfur burial indicated that <30 % of total sulfide production is permanently retained In mid-bay sediments. A similar fract~on of sulfide retention is expected to occur in lower bay sedlments. Our results Indicate that sulfur cycling accounts for a substantial portlon of carbon mineralization and oxygen consumption over a large area of the midand lower Chesapeake Bay benthos.

Inorganic sulfur cycling in mid and lower Chesapeake Bay sediments