English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

In light of increasing sea surface temperatures, quantifying the expression of stress- inducible genes in coastal organisms is imperative to identify early biomarkers of thermal stress. In the present study we developed a quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay to test the molecular response to heat stress in the Great Barrier Reef sponge Rhopaloeides odorabile. Suitable reference genes (cod- ing for α-tubulin, 28S rRNA and ubiquitin) were identified among 5 candidates and then used to nor- malise expression of target genes (actin-related protein, calmodulin, ferritin, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and heat shock protein 40 (Hsp40)) in samples exposed to high temperatures (31 and 32°C) for 1, 3, 14 and 15 d. A rapid down-regulation of most genes (actin- related protein, ferritin, calmodulin and Hsp90) was observed at both temperatures within 24 h, indi- cating an initial shut-down of the sponge's molecular systems in response to thermal stress. The increased expression of Hsp40 and Hsp90 in sponges at 32°C after 1 and 3 d respectively indicates an activation of the heat shock response system and is consistent with their role as chaperones for direct- ing degraded proteins to proteolysis, this last process being sustained by an induction of the ubiqui- tin-conjugating enzyme gene at this temperature. While sponges kept at 32°C only survived for the first 3 d, none of the genes in sponges kept at 31°C were significantly different from those in the 27°C controls after 14 d. This indicates a very strict thermal threshold for R. odorabile between 31 and 32°C and is consistent with previous findings based on sponge necrosis and symbiotic disruptions in this species.

Strict thermal threshold identified by quantitative PCR in the sponge Rhopaloeides odorabile