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The effects of environmental factors on variations of dissolved oxygen (DO) saturation wasassessed in 2 estuaries (Bilbao and Urdaibai) in the Bay of Biscay with contrasting hydrography andanthropogenic impact, for the period 1997 to 2006, using generalised additive models (GAMs) andgeneralised additive mixed models (GAMMs). Spatial and temporal variations in DO saturation and thecurrent severity and extent of hypoxia were higher in the culturally eutrophicated and stratified Bilbaoestuary. Seasonal patterns of DO saturation and the hierarchy of factors controlling them differed bothbetween estuaries and between salinity zones. In the inner Bilbao estuary, the main factor explainingDO-saturation variations was temperature, with a dominant effect on oxygen consumption processes.In contrast, in the outer Bilbao estuary, the main factor explaining DO-saturation variations was chlorophylla, suggesting that the effect of oxygen production through photosynthesis was stronger than thatof oxygen consumption. In the inner Urdaibai estuary, both a negative relationship with temperature anda positive relationship with chlorophyll a were detected. The outer Urdaibai estuary showed strongwater-column mixing and very high tidal flushing, and ventilation processes were more important thanoxygen production or consumption processes. River discharge affected DO saturation only at the innerwaters, but when the effects of several variables on DO-saturation variability were tested in an additivemodel, river discharge was excluded from the models. The effects of temperature-dependent processeson DO-saturation dynamics decreased from the inner to the outer zones of both estuaries.2015-11-1

Dissolved oxygen in contrasting estuaries of the Bay of Biscay: effects of temperature, river discharge and chlorophyll a