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Two mesocosm experiments were performed to examine the effects of seed density and\ud\udsmall-scale nutrient heterogeneity on seedling recruitment and early development of patches of\ud\udCymodocea nodosa. In the first experiment, seeds were sown at 4 densities selected after determining\ud\udmean natural density of seeds in the field, and the emergence and survival rates of seedlings were\ud\udmonitored for 1 yr. In the second experiment, seedlings were grown individually for 2 yr, either on\ud\udsubstrate made heterogeneous or homogeneous with the addition of a fertiliser or on unfertilised substrate.\ud\udThe emergence rate and proportional survival of seedlings decreased significantly with\ud\udincreasing seed density. Seedlings grown on fertilised substrates were able to form patches, while\ud\udthose grown on unfertilised substrate failed to branch, providing experimental evidence of the role of\ud\udnutrient limitation as a constraint for patch initiation. The size of seed-generated patches was significantly\ud\udlarger (in terms of total length of the rhizome network and number of shoots) on heterogeneous\ud\udsubstrate than on homogeneous substrate at the same overall level of nutrient supply.\ud\udApparently, no preferential proliferation of shoots and branches occurred in the nutrient-rich half of\ud\udthe heterogeneous substrate. The results support our hypothesis that negative density dependence at\ud\udthe seed-seedling stage plays an important role in regulating population size. They also reveal that\ud\udseedlings experiencing nutrient heterogeneity are capable of exploiting resources more efficiently\ud\udthan those in homogeneous environments, but are probably unable to escape from unfavourable\ud\udpatches or to select favourable ones, at least at the scale examined here

Effect of seed density and sediment nutrient heterogeneity on recruitment and early patch growth in the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa