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The success of marine protected areas (MPAs) in facilitating recovery of over-exploited stocks has been well documented. Few studies, however, have explored the effects of MPAs on the demographic profiles of reef fish populations. We tested the assumption that areas closed to fishing for >7 yr accumulate older individuals of a heavily targeted species, Lethrinus harak. Our survey design included 2 protected sites and 2 comparative fished sites. Using an age-based length- conversion method, a novel approach in tropical fisheries, otolith-derived demographic information was supplemented with underwater visual census data. This approach provided valuable insights into the population dynamics of this species at small spatial scales ( 260 mm FL and >9 yr) who make a disproportionate contribution to overall reproductive output, as ovary weight increases exponentially with both length and age. Currently size (Lc) and age (tc) at first capture is ~100 mm and 2 yr below the size (L50) and age (t50) at first maturity. Numerous management scenar- ios based on minimum size limits were evaluated to determine which scenario would increase spawn- ing biomass without compromising yield estimates. Our results demonstrate that effective imple- mentation of MPAs allows a larger and older population to accrue, thus yielding considerable reproductive benefits.

Beyond abundance and biomass: effects of marine protected areas on the demography of a highly exploited reef fish