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The lipid class and fatty acid (FA) composition for 93 species of reef-building and soft corals from the South China Sea (Vietnam) were analyzed and statistically compared to study system- atic patterns of the distribution of lipids in corals and the influence of zooxanthellae on the lipids of symbiont-host association. The lipid and FA compositions of hexacorals and octocorals significantly correlated with their taxonomic position, but the lipid features of species within each of these system- atic groups mainly depended on the presence of zooxanthellae. The hexacorals had lower content of polar lipids (PL), sterols (ST), and monoalkyldiacylglycerols (MADAG), but higher content of triacyl- glycerols (TG) and wax esters (WE) than the octocorals. On average, zooxanthellate species contained less structural lipids (PL+ST), but more MADAG when compared to azooxanthellate species. Tetracos- apolyenoic acids 24:5n-6 and 24:6n-3 were chemotaxonomic markers for octocorals, whereas 22:5n-6 was a marker for Milleporidae. A strong correlation was apparent between zooxanthellate coral fam- ily and/or genus and the content of the unsaturated FA; 12 FAs were significant for the separation of azooxanthellate and zooxanthellate specimens. The latter had lower concentrations of 7-Me-16:1n-10, 18:1n-7, and six C20 -24 polyunsaturated FA, but higher concentrations of 16:0, 16:2n-7, 18:3n-6, and 18:4n-3. The presence of >2% of 18:3n-6 and 18:4n-3 of total FA is characteristic of zooxanthellate corals. An inverse correlation was established between the content of 18:3n-6 and 16:2n-7 in zoo- xanthellate soft corals. The present study highlights the importance of zooxanthellae in coral lipid metabolism, especially when compared with symbiont-host exchanges in reef-building and soft corals.

Distribution of lipids and fatty acids in corals by their taxonomic position and presence of zooxanthellae