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The movement of water across sedimenthater interfaces is very important to the ecology of aquatic habitats. Submarine groundwater discharge (SGWD) occurs primarily by advectlve flow and may be due to a variety of factors. In nearshore marine environments, the major factor 1s probably groundwater flow from upland regions. In oceanic environments, SGWD is probably influenced more by tides and surge action. SGWD, thercfore, represents various mixtures ot fresh g roundwte r and seawater This paper summarizes the first regional study of SGM'D and its attendant solutes in shallow estuarine, continental shelf and coral reef habitats, and calls attention to the magnitude of watrr volumes which appear to be circulating through manne sedimcnts. Data on SGWD from sltes in the Florida Keys and on the southeastern continental shelf of the U.S. indicate that water movement across sedimentlwater interfaces is a cominon occurrence at least to water depths of 30 to 35 m. Discharge values from the Florida Keys were 8.9 1 m ' d ' ( N = 344) for depths .'27 m and 5.4 1 m-? d' (K 261) for depths of ca 23 to 39 m. On the southeastern continental shelf, discharge ranged between ca 6 and 20 1 m' d ' One site was found in 20 m depth where there was a persistent negative hydraulic head and a mean influx of seawater to the sediments (ca 10.8 1 m-' d ' ) . Even though geohydrolocjical n~oclcls would predict coupling of SGWD with landbased hydraulic heads, definitive lower salinity SG\VD could not be detected. The dnving force seems to be subtidal pumping and much of the discharge measured was probably recycled seawater. This research also demonstrated that SGUID serves to move dissolved solutes into the \vater column, and could be an important link in benthic-pelagic coupllng in continental shelf ecosystcrns.

Importance of submarine groundwater discharge (SGWD) and seawater cycling to material flux across sediment/water interfaces in marine environments