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As filter-feeding planktivores, Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus have the poten- tial to influence water quality through ingestion of phytoplankton and assimilation of resultant nutri- ents. To evaluate the influence of young-of-the-year (YOY) and age-1+ menhaden in Chesapeake Bay, rates of phytoplankton (chl a) ingestion and total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) excretion were mea- sured experimentally across varying phytoplankton concentrations. Ingestion rates of YOY men- haden increased (0.03 to 3.85 μg chl a fish -1 min -1 ) in response to increasing phytoplankton concen- tration (4.98 to 198.22 μg chl a l -1 ), while age-1+ menhaden exhibited virtually no ingestion of the phytoplankton offered. For YOY menhaden, a type-III functional response model best described the relationship between ingestion rate and phytoplankton concentration. Excretion rates of TDN by YOY menhaden increased (0.93 to 3.92 μgN fish -1 min -1 ) across phytoplankton concentration, and the relationship was best described by an asymptotic exponential model. By contrast, excretion rates were relatively constant for age-1+ menhaden. The YOY ingestion and excretion rate models were combined and rates of net removal of nitrogen across phytoplankton concentrations ranged from -1.73 to 29.85 and -1.73 to 131.58 μgN fish -1 min -1 when the ratio of carbon-to-chlorophyll was 50 and 200, respectively. Results suggest that YOY menhaden focus their grazing on patches of elevated phytoplankton abundance and/or supplement their diet with other sources (e.g. zooplankton and detritus) to maintain a positive nitrogen balance. Population-level estimates of net nitrogen removal imply that menhaden play a minimal role regarding water quality in Chesapeake Bay.

Net removal of nitrogen through ingestion of phytoplankton by Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus in Chesapeake Bay