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The response of 5 strains of shallow-water microbes to changing hydrostatic pressure was explored in a pressurized microcosm setup, simulating a sinking at 1000 m d -1 from surface waters to 4000 m depth in an isothermal ocean. Technology and methods combined a new, computer- controlled pressure laboratory with classical and new genetic tools to evaluate pressure responses of selected bacterial strains. Size, number, growth and species composition were obtained in a time series pattern under regular, non-saturating feeding. Planned as an initial step in a quest for quanti- fying the role of hydrostatic pressure in observed oceanic microbial distributions, results from this study indicate that selected bacterial strains from the surface respond individually to pressure expo- sure. A strong physiological response led to reduced bacterial numbers of all strains at 4000 m depth, a result corroborated elsewhere in the literature. Unexpectedly, pressure changes (during sinking) generated depth-specific maxima and minima in number of the selected strains, not seen in the ambi- ent pressure control. A reshuffling of species and changes in sizes of all strains tested occurred in the pressurized treatment. Therefore, time series experiments with non-intrusive sampling features rather than end-member experiments become mandatory to document physiological responses to pressure. Our results, together with recent findings on pressure-related effects on microbial growth and community structure in the deep-sea, indicate that estimates of microbial organic matter turnover in the deep-sea—not taking pressure-related effects into account—need to be revisited.

Hydrostatic pressure affects physiology and community structure of marine bacteria during settling to 4000 m: an experimental approach