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Lipid classes, fatty acids (FAs), and stable carbon isotopes of FAs were used to investigate\uddietary sources of organic carbon for juvenile Atlantic cod Gadus morhua during settlement into\udeelgrass Zostera marina. Primary producers, epibenthic prey, zooplankton, and fish were collected\udfrom August to November 2002 in shallow (<10 m) eelgrass in Bonavista Bay, Newfoundland,\udCanada. Lipid data indicated that zooplankton (>80 μm) were associated with fresh organic material,\udwhile seston (5–80 μm) had high levels of bacterial FA and non-acyl lipids, typical of sedimentary\udmaterial. Zooplankton, mysids, and amphipods showed a seasonal decrease in 22:6n-3 with a concomitant\udincreased in the ubiquitous terrestrial indicators 18:2n-3 and 18:3n-3. Based on essential FA\udcomposition of prey, there was a decrease in the quality of food available to juvenile fish from August\uduntil November. Earlier (August) pelagic juveniles had higher levels of marine-sourced FA (22:6n-3)\udthan late (November) arrivers. Further, in October and November settled juveniles had higher proportions\udof terrestrial FA biomarkers than pelagic cod, indicating an increased dietary terrestrial\udinput at settlement. Isotopic evidence demonstrated that eelgrass was the most enriched (–14‰)\udsource of organic carbon and supported multivariate FA analysis, confirming that eelgrass was not\udincorporated into the food web of juvenile cod. Increased terrestrial input of organic carbon coupled\udwith low proportions of dietary essential FAs indicate that the functional significance of this habitat is\udrefuge and not nutrition

Fatty acid biomarkers in coldwater eelgrass meadows: elevated terrestrial input to the food web of age-0 Atlantic cod Gadus morhua