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Dense phytoplankton blooms are often found during austral summer and autumn in the Prince Edward Archipelago (47' S, 38' E). These blooms are dominated by the large diatoms Chaetoceros radicans and Rhizosolenia curvata and by the sihcoflagellate Dictyocha speculum. Size- selectivity experiments, using the dominant herbivorous zooplankton found m the area, show that the nano-phytoplankton is preferentially selected by all taxa. Only 2 euphausiid species appear to have a significant (p < 0.05) positive selection for the smaller netplankton (20 to 37 pm). Poor utilization of these diatom blooms is also supported by the results of a comparative study of grazing impact during a bloom (April 1985) and a non-bloom condition (April/May 1989). When phytoplankton biomass is low, the zooplankton community ingests 33 to 48 % of the euphotic zone chlorophyll a per day, or 76 to 81 O/O of daily primary production. However, during bloom conditions the grazing impact is reduced to only 5 to 10 % of chlorophyll a concentration and 9 to 17 O/O of primary production per day. Preferential selection for the smaller cells may have an energetic significance as nanoplankton seems to represent a food source of higher nutritional value than bloom-generating diatoms. It is suggested that the bulk of the phytoplankton blooms sinks out of the photic zone and provides an important transfer of biomass from the pelagic to the benthic subsystems.

Mesozooplankton size-selectivity and grazing impact on the phytoplankton community of the Prince Edward Archipelago (Southern Ocean)