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The abundance and relative importance of picoalgae (autotrophic picoplankton, APP) were surveyed in Danish marine waters during summer stratification to test the hypothesis of high APP importance under oligotrophy. A picoalgal community dominated by Synechococcus was found at 28 of 29 stations visited. Abundance in the mixed surface layers ranged from 6 X lo6 cells 1-I in the eutrophic German Bight to 4.5 X lo8 cells l1 in the Baltic. Differences in cell sizes among different areas were also found. Total APP biovolumes and < 2 pm fractionated chlorophyll concentrations showed no relationship; consequently the APP biomass as indicated by chlorophyll was calculated from the bio- volume estimates. High relative APP importance was negatively related to total chlorophyll, A power function with an exponent close to -1 showed the best model of the relative importance. However, an analysis of the APP chlorophyll values in the mixed surface waters showed a constant biomass of 0.5 to 0.6 pg chl 11, although with a trend for higher values in the Baltic and lower values in the German Bight. Thus, picoalgal biomass could be considered constant over the entire range of total chlorophyll, and increases in total autotrophic biomass were mainly due to increases in the nanoplankton

Picoalgae in Danish coastal waters during summer stratification