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11 páginas, 3 tablas, 5 figuras.Biological interactions can strongly influence the distribution of organisms. In the Mediterranean Sea, macroherbivore densities vary with depth\udin a highly predictable manner, but the direct effects of\udgrazing on the vertical distribution of macrophytes\udremain largely unknown. Species of the genus Cystoseira provide a unique system in which to test the\udeffects of herbivores on algal distribution in the\udMediterranean Sea, since they form highly prominent\udforest-like assemblages along the entire sublittoral\udzone, with different species dominating the canopy at\uddifferent depths. We measured the algal cover of Cystoseira spp. in habitats characterised by dominance of\udthese algae at different depths, and quantified the density of herbivorous fish at each habitat. The shallow\udsublittoral (ca. 5 m) was the only habitat where abundant Cystoseira forests coexisted with high densities of\udherbivorous fish. Reciprocal  in situ feeding experiments showed that Cystoseira spp. from wave exposed\udshores (0 m) and deep habitats (40 m) are highly susceptible to being eaten when placed within reach of\udherbivorous fish and are, thus, restricted to spatial\udrefuges with locally reduced herbivory. In contrast,\udCystoseira spp. from shallow rocky bottoms (5 m) and\udwave sheltered shores (0.2 m) are resistant to consumers and are not affected by transplantation to areas\udof high fish densities. Our findings challenge the\udwidely accepted view that herbivorous fish have only a\udmodest effect on structuring algal assemblages in temperate waters and show that these consumers can have\uda particularly important effect on the vertical distribution of algal assemblages in the Mediterranean Sea.This work\udwas partially supported by a FPI Postgraduate Award to A.V.\udfrom the Spanish Ministry of Science and Education (REN-\ud2002-04020-C02).Peer reviewe

Role of fish herbivory in structuring the vertical distribution of canopy algae Cystoseira spp. in the Mediterranean Sea