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The apparently intense selective differentials imposed by many fisheries may drive the\udrapid evolution of growth rates. In a widely-cited laboratory experiment, Conover & Munch (2002;\udScience 297:94–96) found considerable evolutionary change in the size of harvested fish over 4 generations.\udTheir empirical model has since been used to estimate the impact of fishery-driven evolution\udon fishery sustainability. Using a mathematical, individual-based model (IBM) that simulates that\udexperiment, we showed that the selection imposed in the Conover & Munch (2002) model is unrealistically\udstrong when compared to harvest rates in wild fisheries. We inferred the evolutionary change\udthat could be expected over the timescale used by Conover & Munch (2002), had they simulated more\udrealistic harvest regimes, and found that the magnitude in their original experiment was 2.5 to 5 times\udgreater. However, over evolutionary timescales of 30 generations and with realistic fishing pressure,\udthe results of Conover & Munch (2002) are comparable to wild fisheries. This simulation result provides\udsupport for the use of empirical models to predict the impacts of fishery-driven evolution on\udyields and sustainability. Future models should consider the timing of fishing events, the trade-off\udbetween size, maturation and growth, and density-dependent effects for a comprehensive analysis of\udthe consequences of fishery-driven evolution

Darwinian fisheries science needs to consider realistic fishing pressures over evolutionary time scales