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We examined the effects of increased nutrient availability on nitrogen (N) dynamics in dominant New England salt marsh plants (tall and stunted Spartina alterniflora and S. patens) using paired large-scale nutrient and 15 NO3 - tracer additions. This study is one component of a long-term, large-scale, salt marsh nutrient and trophic manipulation study (the Trophic Cascades and Interact- ing Control Processes in a Detritus-based Aquatic Ecosystem (TIDE) Project). We compared physio- logical variables of plants in fertilized (~17 × ambient N and P in incoming tidal water) and reference marsh systems to quantify NO3 - uptake and uptake efficiency, allocation of N to tissues, end-of- season N resorption, leaf litter quality and other potential responses to increased nutrient availabil- ity. Reference system plants sequestered ~24.5 g NO3-N ha -1 d -1 in aboveground pools during mid- summer, while fertilized plants sequestered ~140 g NO3-N ha -1 d -1 . However, NO3 - uptake efficiency (% of total incoming NO3-N sequestered aboveground) was higher in the reference system (16.8%) than in the fertilized system (2.6%), suggesting that our fertilization rate (~70 µM NO3 - in incoming water) approaches or exceeds the uptake saturation point for this vegetation community. Leaf litter quality was clearly affected by N availability; N resorption efficiency was lower in all plants of the fer- tilized system; senesced leaves from the fertilized creek contained ~43% (tall S. alterniflora), 23% (stunted S. alterniflora) and 15% (S. patens) more N per unit biomass than reference creek leaves.

Plant nitrogen dynamics in fertilized and natural New England salt marshes: a paired 15N tracer study