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Spatiotemporal variation in seabird demographic parameters is often pronounced and\udmay be an important source of information on the state of marine ecosystems. Black-legged kittiwakes\udRissa tridactyla in Britain and Ireland show strong regional structure in breeding productivity,\udand both temporal and spatial variation are probably related to abundance of the principal prey of\udbreeding kittiwakes, the lesser sandeel Ammodytes marinus. Annual regional estimates of sandeel\udabundance do not exist, prohibiting direct tests of this hypothesis. We examined relationships\udbetween kittiwake breeding productivity and 2 potential proxies of sandeel abundance, winter sea\udsurface temperature (SST) and abundance of Calanus copepods, within and among 6 regions in\udBritain and Ireland from 1986 to 2004. Means and trends in winter SST differed among regions, with\udhigher means and less pronounced increasing trends in western (Atlantic) regions than in eastern\ud(North Sea) regions. A negative relationship between breeding productivity and winter SST in the\udprevious year was found within 2 regions (East Scotland and Orkney), as well as in a cross-regional\udanalysis. Results were inconclusive for Calanus abundance, with a positive relationship in East Scotland\udand negative in Orkney. These results demonstrate that although a single environmental driver\ud(SST) is related to both within- and between-region variation in a key demographic parameter,\udregional heterogeneity in SST trends as well as the importance of other factors may lead to highly\udvariable responses. Understanding this heterogeneity is critical for predicting long-term effects of\udclimate change or other anthropogenic drivers on marine ecosystems

Regional and annual variation in black-legged kittiwake breeding productivity is related to sea surface temperature