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The ras gene product of the marine sponge Geodia cydonium mediates the proliferative response of the sponge cells after binding of the Geodia aggregation factor to its specific membranebound receptor. Previously we determined that in field experiments ras gene expression in regenerating sponge cubes strongly reacts to genotoxic xenobiotics in seawater In this report, we show that reaggregation of dissociated G, cydoniurn cells is induced by an aggregation factor Expression of ras gene in the cells, caused by the aggregation factor, was inhibited by detergents at concentrations in a pollution-relevant range. Incubation of single sponge cells in the presence of aggregation factor together with the anionic detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or the cationic detergent cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) at concentrations from 1 X 10-l' to 1 X I O ~ g ml-' (0.1 ppb to 10 ppm) resulted in a reduction of ras mRNA level by ca 50 % at 1 X 1O-' g SDS rill-l and 1 x 10-E g CTAB ml-' (10 h incubation period), and in an inhibition of aggregate formation by ca 50 % at 1 X 10-E g SDS ml-' and 1 x I O ~ g CTAB ml-l (2 h incubation period). Our results show that aggregation-factorcaused ras gene expression in dissociated G. cydonium cells is a sensitive indicator model for studylng detergent pollution of seawater in a concentration range comparable to or lower than that found in marine coastal areas.

marine ecology. progress series

Inhibition of aggregation-factor-induced ras gene expression in the sponge Geodia cydonium by detergent-polluted seawater a sensitive biological assay for low-level detergent pollution