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Winkles Littorina littorea were exposed to sublethal concentrations of cadmium (Cd) in the laboratory, and selective parameters indicative of bioavailable contamination and of environmental stress caused by sublethal pollution were calculated. Significant h e a r correlations were found between the Cd index and the following environmental stress indices: flesh condition index; mean epithelial thicknesslmean diverticular radius and mean lumlnal radius/mean epithelial thickness of the digestive tubules; numerical density and surface density of digestive lysosomes. A significant linear regression was found in all cases, indicating that the changes in all the environmental stress ~ndlcators tudied may be explained by changes in the organismic Cd index. It is concluded that such relationships could be applied to field studies in an attempt to estimate the presence of bioavailable contaminants and their effects on living organisms.

Correlation of cadmium shell-weight index with environmental stress indicators at the cellular and organismic levels in Littorina littorea