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Seals and other marine mammals in the North American Arctic have high concentrations of cadmium in the kidney, particularly in relation to northern European seals. We measured cadmium in other organisms to determine whether the metal was generally elevated in Canadian arcbc marine ecosystems. Samples of dominant organisms were collected from the epontic (under-ice) community in the central Canadlan Arctic in 1983 and 1984, and in the pelagic community in the eastern Canadian Arctic in 1982 and 1983. Cd concentrations in invertebrates ranged from 0.17 pg g-' in Mysis litoralis to consistently high concentrations of 14 to 16 kg g' in hyperiid amphipods These were equivalent to, or lower than, the values in corresponding organisms outside the Arctic, including hyperiid amphipods which have similarly high levels in the north Pacific Ocean. With the exception of 1 species of amphipod (Gammarus setosus), there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between sampling sites or years. Arctic cod Boreogadus saida, an important food item for most arctic vertebrates, ranked among the lowest of the Canaban arctic organisms in Cd concentration (0.40 kg g-l) , but was appreciably higher than fish from northern Europe (Baltic Sea). Except for arctic cod, there was no evidence of elevated Cd concentrations unique to the marine community of the Arctic. High Cd levels in arctic marine mammals should not be taken as evidence of general ecosystem contamination. However, the high levels in hyperiid amphipods, notably Parathemisto libellula, take on a particular significance because the amphipods are prominent in the diet of many arctic marine vertebrates.

Cadmium in marine invertebrates and arctic cod in the Canadian Arctic. Distribution and ecological implications