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Quantitative extraction of soft-bodied meiofauna from marine sands has been an unsolved problem. We describe and test the SMB-method (seawater, magnesium chloride, beaker), which combines several previously used methods. It yields high extraction efficiency for living Plathel- minthes, when compared to both grain-method (equivalent to a thorough grain-by-grain inspection of the sample) and flask-method (based on anaesthetization with MgCli-solution). Tested first on eulittoral sand, the latter 2 methods revealed significant personal bias for the 2 investigators, which for the SMB-method was avoided by adjusting the procedure of the technique in every detail. The sublittoral sets of samples subsequently studied proved the effectiveness of the SMB-method, which when tested against the grain-method did not differ significantly from it, either in overall examination or for single taxa of Plathelminthes. The SMB-method is recommended as a time-saving method with high extraction efficiency for living Plathelminthes from marine sands; it includes the following essential points: (1) 4 initial seawater-washes to avoid damage to delicate specimens; (2) application of hypertonic MgCli-solution; (3) at least 1 final ethanol-wash; (4) use of a beaker of 1000 cm3; (5) 1 or 2 gauzes with minimum mesh size 40 (un; (6) sample volume must not exceed 50 cm3 in a ratio of 1 : 5 with the supernatant fluid; (7) multiple searches of Petri-dish contents. The 4 initial seawater-washes yielded 61 % of the extracted Plathelminthes. Addition of the MgC12-wash and 2 brief seawater-washes separated 97.3 % of all individuals from the sediment. The final ethanol-washes were required only for Proseriata. Caution, however, must be advised as to species-specific extraction behavior in different sediments.

Quantitative extraction of living Plathelminthes from marine sands