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Carcinus maenas (L.) used 5 recognizable methods to attack mussels and 3 methods to attack dogwhelks. The frequency of usage varied among methods but did not change as crabs gained experience of the prey. The mean number of attacks required to open prey decreased with practice, irrespective of the methods used. The mean time to break open a prey decreased by a factor of about 0.30 for mussels and about 0.28 for dogwhelks after 5 to 6 prey had been eaten. Reductions in breaking time were both less marked and slower when mussels and dogwhelks were presented alternately to the crabs. Mean breaking times for the first prey offered In trials separated by over 4 d were similar to those associated with naive crabs, but were shorter in trials separated by smaller time intervals. Skills were therefore gained within 1 to 2 h but were lost at a much slower rate. Crabs have a learning capacity that can cause prey items to become transposed in rank and which could lead to switching under appropriate circumstances. Alternate handling of dissimilar prey reduces learning efficiency and could increase the disparity in abundances of alternative prey necessary for switching to occur.

Learning of predatory skills by shore-crabs Carcinus maenas feeding on mussels and dogwhelks