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Factors are described which affect the concentration (p Ci g-' dry wt) and loss of ^Am, 239 + 240Pur 238~ur 144Ce, 13?Cs, '^Cs, lo6Ru, ^Zr and ^Nb in an exposed population of mussels Mytilus edulis L. from Ravenglass on the Esk estuary, Cumbria, UK which receives radioeffluents from the British Nuclear Fuels Ltd. (BNFL) plant at Sellafield, some 10 km to the north. Tidal position and mussel body size have a negligible influence on the concentration of 241Am, l3?Cs and ^Ru in the total soft tissue, but variation in soft tissue weight throughout the year has a considerable influence on the apparent concentration and depuration times of these radionuclides. Apart from the clearance (ti,, biol, 1 to 3 h) of sediment-associated activity from the digestive tract, the depuration rate profiles follow a single component clearance curve with a biological half-life in excess of 200 d for ^'Am, 239 + ^OPU, 23% and l4Ve, and of 40 d for 13'Cs. The clearance of Io6Ru is more complex and consists of a 3 component depuration profile with biological half-lives of 6 h, 12 d and 260 d. The depuration profiles presented in this work are for chronically ingested isotopes under natural conditions; acute exposure will most likely result in different profiles, especially those derived from laboratory spiking experi- ments. Isotope ratio data support the hypothesis that the main route of entry into the mussel for the majority of the radionuclides studied is from the water. Differences in the biological half-lives observed between 239 + ^OPu and both and 241Am could be related to their different physico-chemical forms rather than a biological mechanism differentiating between these isotopes; as there are no suitable data available for the composition (chemical or physical) of the BNFL effluent it is not possible to determine whether these differences reflect procedures employed during fuel reprocessing or sedi- ment-water interactions after discharge. This paucity of information also makes it difficult to determine the degree to which the Ravenglass mussels reflect recent discharges from BNFL.

Concentration and depuration of some radionuclides present in a chronically exposed population of mussels (Mytilus edulis)