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Heat flow of closed artificial systems, consisting of flooded clean sand with added food, shows the usual growth pattern of microbes in a batch culture: rapid growth with concomitant increase in metabolic heat production to a peak level, followed by exponential decline. Heat flow from the same system with nematodes (Diplolairnella chitwoodi) and polychaetes (Capjtella capitata) indicates different rates and patterns of growth and metabolism of the microbial community in the presence of worms. The nematode prolonged the lag phase and prevented the microbial populations from reaching the peak metabolic rate without nematodes. C. capitata maintained system metabolism and microbial population at relatively steady state. The greater the food ration per mg of polychaete the greater the microbial heat production. Unfed C capitata showed an exponentially decreasing metabolic rate to a level, by the end of 24 h, about a sixth that of the worms with food. Direct calorimetry can just as easily measure the energy flow of natural soft-bottom ecosystems, and the effects of species added to it. On the other hand, results indicate the extreme difficulty of partitioning system energy flow into its metabolic compartments (by species, size, or functional groups) without uncoupling interaction effects.

Metabolism of microbes, nematodes, polychaetes, and their interactions in sediment, as detected by heat flow measurements