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Fate and effects of cadmium on the development of North Sea coastal plankton communities, enclosed in plastic bags containing 1.5 m3 natural water, were studled in 2 experiments. Both experiments were carried out in summer-autumn and lasted 11 and 7 weeks respectively. Cadmium chloride was added to different bags in single doses of 1, 5 and 50 pg Cd I-'; in the first experiment additional doses of 100 and 250 pg Cd 1-' were added in the middle of the experiment to 2 of 6 bags. At the end of the experiments 4-9 % of the added cadmium was recovered in the sediment, the remainder was still in the water phase. Addition of 5 or 50 pg Cd I-' resulted in slightly higher phytoplankton concentrations in one experiment. The mortality of copepods was increased by addition of 250 or 100 pg Cd I' ; addition of 50 pg Cd 1-' resulted in a much lower zooplankton biomass. Due to differences in the sensitivity of different species, add~ t ion of 50 pg Cd I-' caused a change In species compos~tion of the zooplankton community compared to controls. Growth of Pleurobrachia p ~ l e u s was inhibited at 5 and 1 pg Cd I ' , leading to differences in the numbers of copepods between controls and treated bags. At concentrations of 50 pg Cd I-' or higher no P. pileus were found. Concentrations of 1-5 pg Cd 1-' occur locally in polluted waters. The first experiment lasted more than 3 months and showed that nutrient regeneration rates in the bags are large enough to enable the system to persist without artificial nutrient additions.

Fate and Effects of Cadmium in Marine Plankton Communities in Experimental Enclosures