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Winter flounder were exposed to sediments contaminated with Venezuelan crude oil in 3 laboratory experiments of 4-5 months duration. Two of the experiments were conducted in summer during the flounder's feeding period and 1 during winter when they do not feed. Mortalitles were observed in all experimental groups during summer, but were considerably greater in flounder exposed to oiled sediments than in those in un-oiled controls. Oiled sediments aged for a year remained toxic, although less so than freshly oiled sediments. No mortalities were observed during winter. Feeding rates were considerably reduced in flounder exposed to freshly oiled sediments. The aged oiled sediments had little or no effect on feeding rates. Control flounder showed greater increases in weight and condition than did exposed flounder, and flounder from aged oil revealed a greater increase in condition than did those exposed to fresh oil. Since winter flounder are obligatory residents of habitats which could become contaminated with oil, these results suggest that in the event of such an occurrence the winter flounder's ability to grow and store enough energy reserves to survive the winter could be reduced. It is suggested that the oil acts as a nonspecific stressor, which in conjunction with the high summer water temperatures and the effects of captivity resulted in significant mortality.

Effects of Oiled Sediments on Mortality, Feeding and Growth of Winter Flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus