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Lesion development was documented in Penaeus vanndmej luveniles with experimentally induced chronic phase Taura syndrome virus (TSV) infections by both routine histology and In situ hybridization durlng a 48 wk time course study H~stologically the defining charactenstics of TSV chronicity in P vannan~ej include the absence of acute phase histological leslons a low prevalence of ectoplc spheroid development and rapid successive lymphold organ spheroid (LOS) fornlation and morphogenesis Three dist~nct LOS morphotypes (Types A B and C) were identified by light nlicroscopy The earliest detectable LOS Type A appeared to evolve from activated L 0 tubule phagocytes that had sequestered TSV The succeeding LOS Type B, contained necrotic cells that were cons~stently TSV-positive by In s ~ t u hybr~dizat~on for up to 32 wk following an acute phase lnfect~on These persistent long-term lnfectlons suggested that TSV replication occurred within Type B LOS, and this satisfied the def~nition of a chronic Infection The termlndl Type C LOS wele cons~stently found to be TSV-negative and characterized by cells with condensed basophilic nuclei a reduction in overall cell size and progressive atrophy leading to degradation without an inflammatory response These cellular changes are characteristic of apoptotic cells, suggesting that TSV-lnfected LOS cells self-destruct, resulting in TSV elimination TSV mfections appeal to have 3 potential outcomes (1) the v ~ r u s may continue to replicate within LOS cells unchecked, (2 ) ~t may be ehminated b\ LOS cells, or (3) viral replication and elimination may occur concurrently resulting in persistent ~nfections Ectopic spheroids were TSV-induced and observed in sltes normally occupled by tegmental glands wlthln appendages, suggesting that they developed trom either hemolynlph-borne phagocytes or futed phagocytes assoclated with the gland We suggest that these cellular masses arise from migrating and/or resident phagocytes transfo~med In response to chronic viral infections or non-self substances too small for hemocyte encapsulation The possibility that spheroid development represents dn unexplored and significant branch of the cell-mediated Immune response of penaeid s h r ~ m p is discussed

Role of lymphoid organ spheroids in chronic Taura syndrome virus (TSV) infections in Penaeus vannamei