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From N o v em b er 1993 to Februa ry 1994, h eavy morta lit ies of tropical reef fish w ere reported in the Palm Beach a rea on Florida's sou theas t coast and the Is lam orada a re a in the u p p e r Florida Keys. Severely affected fish w ere typically adu lt herb ivores or om nivores such as the angelfishes P om acan thus paru and P. arcuatus, the rock b e au ty H olacan thus tricolor, the cherubfish C en tro p yg e argi, the princess parrotfish Scarus taen iop terus, the blue chromis C hrom is cyaneus, the balloonfish Diodon ho locanthus, the w hitespo tted filefish C a n th erh in es m acroceros, the doctorfish A ca n th u ru s chirurgus, an d less severely affected, the reef butterflyfish C h a e to d o n se d en ta r iu s and the foureye butterflyfish C. capistratus. Diseased fish typically had lesions on the an te r io r p a r t of the head, u lce ra ted body sores, fin and tail rot, and a heavy m ucus coating on the bo d y surface. Protistan pa ras i tes such as B rooklynella hostilis, Uronema m arinum , a n d a m o e b a e w e re com m on. Turbellarians a n d bacteria l infesta tions w ere also de tected . T h e re is, however , no ev id e n ce tha t these potential pa th o g en s are the principal cause of the d isease syndrom e a n d re su l tan t fish mortality — they m ay be secondary invaders of fish w hose hea l th has a lready b e e n com prom ised . T he poss i­ bility is considered that biological toxins from m ac roalgae such as C aulerpa spp., or from ben th ic dinoflagellates such as G am bierd iscus toxicus may act as principal stressors tha t in f luence reef-fish health. A possible link b e tw ee n some of the mass morta lit ies in Florida a n d those in the C a r ib b e an in the p as t 15 yr is postulated. The causative chain of even ts lead ing to these morta l it ies should be studied in a la rge r ecosystem framework, but the im m ed ia te need for a p ro g ram m onito r ing reeffish d iseases is also discussed.

Tropical reef-fish disease outbreaks and mass mortalities in Florida, USA:what is the role of dietary biological toxins