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The effect of the catlonlc surfactant ditallow dimethyl ammomum chloride (DTDMAC the active compound In fabric softeners) was studled in 2 small fish species, Oryz~as latipes (medaka) and Gasterosteus aculeatus (three-splned stickleback) The fish were exposed to increasing concentrations of the compound from 0 32 up to 5 6 mg I' , starting from the egg stage, for 56 d (medaka) and 45 d (stickleback), after which they were examined histopathologically There was Increased mortahty in the t l 8 mg 1.' groups of O lahpes and in the 2 3 2 mg I ' groups of G aculeatus Abnormal swimming was observed in the 20 56 mg I-' groups of O lat~pes and ~n the t l 0 mg I ' groups of G aculeatus Histopathological examination of the surviving fish showed the s \~imbladder to be similarly affected in both species changes lncluded the absence of the bladder lumen, w ~ t h epithelia1 dysplasia, resulting in an ineffective bladder An associated change was the persistence of the pneumatic duct In medaka, the gills were also affected wlth hyperplasia of epithelium, including chloride cells I t is concluded that DTDMAC may have teratogenic potential in fish

Teratogenic effect in the gas gland of fish induced by the fabric softener ditallow dimethyl ammonium chloride