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A common analysis of instrumental monthly precipitation records and 6 h meteorologi- cal Reanalysis from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) was performed to diagnose the main modes of tropospheric, vertically integrated moisture transport over the Mediter- ranean basin and southern Europe. The moisture transport and its variability at each grid point and at the boundaries of the domain were quantified. Quantities such as the standard deviation of filtered geopotential height, one-point correlation maps and Z300-Z500 and Z500-Z700 thicknesses, related to the intensity and typical paths of baroclinic disturbances, were also computed to help in the inter- pretation of the results. It is clear that the leading mode of Mediterranean precipitation has its roots in the dynamics of the Atlantic storm track and the associated moisture transports. The second mode represents the internal redistribution of moisture inside the Mediterranean basin. Moisture is sup- plied to the atmosphere in the western Mediterranean, and this moisture is transported and precipi- tates over the eastern Mediterranean (mainly Turkey and Greece). Finally, the third mode depends on the role of European topography as a blocking factor for westerly moisture transport advected from the North Atlantic region.

Analysis of wintertime atmospheric moisture transport and its variability over southern Europe in the NCEP Reanalyses