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In the frame of the Spanish project ESCENA, 5 regional climate model simulations were analyzed in terms of their representation of precipitation and temperature extremes over Spain. The climate complexity of the target domain poses a challenge for the models in terms of their ability to simulate precipitation and temperature extremes. There are important differences in comparison to previous similar studies (such as PRUDENCE and ENSEMBLES European pro- jects): the domain of the present-climate simulations (1990 to 2007) is centered over the Iberian Peninsula (IP), and the simulations are nested in ERA-Interim reanalysis. Two of the models (WRF and MM5) were not part of the ENSEMBLES project. A new high-resolution (0.2° × 0.2°) database (Spain02) of daily temperature and precipitation observations over Spain was used to validate the results. The performance of the models depends on the climatic characteristics of the subregions. Results are better for the northern coastal area of Spain, but for other Atlantic basins there are some biases that cannot be linked to limitations in the representation of very heavy convective events. Several models underestimate the amount of rain for heavy-precipitation days. This aspect has not improved in general in comparison to ENSEMBLES results, despite the differences in setup. In other respects, all models are at a similar level as the best subgroup of ENSEMBLES models. The ESCENA simulations (covering more emissions scenarios and GCMs than ENSEM- BLES project) can thus be considered a valuable complement of that European project for impact studies over Spain.

Present-climate precipitation and temperature extremes over Spain from a set of high resolution RCMs