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Benthic mixotrophic nanoflagellates (MNF) were studied in coastal sediments in Kiel Fjord, western Baltic Sea. Three types of surface sediment of different grain size were investigated, each along a vertical gradient within the first centimeter depth. A tracer experiment using fluores- cently labeled bacteria (FLB) was conducted to identify MNF and quantify their contribution to total bacterivory in different sediment types and depths. MNF abundances and their phagotrophic activ- ity did not vary significantly with sediment depth and grain size. Overall, mixotrophs contributed less to total nanoflagellates in sediments from Kiel Fjord (max. 2%) than those recorded from comparable pelagic systems, contributing a higher percentage to total phytoflagellates than to the total bacteri- vores (5 to 10 vs. 2 to 5%, respectively). Potential reasons for these findings could be extensive niche segregation for bacterial grazers, osmotrophic feeding strategies in sediments due to high bacterial abundances and/or rarely limiting nutrient conditions.

Mixotrophic nanoflagellates in coastal sediments in the western Baltic Sea