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Copepod and appendicularian grazing experiments using naturally occurring plank- tonic assemblages from a coastal embayment (Mejillones Bay, northern Chile upwelling system at 23o S) were conducted between October 2000 and October 2001. Total carbon ingestion rates based on size- fractioned chlorophyll data showed that dominant copepods (Acartia tonsa, Centropages brachiatus, Oithona similis and Paracalanus parvus) ingested between 2 and 8 µgC ind. -1 d -1 , while appendicu- larians (Oikopleura dioica and O. longicauda) ingested ~3 to 4 µgC ind. -1 d -1 . Even when most cope- pods were feeding on larger cells (> 23 µm) at high rates, the smaller copepods also grazed at similar rates on nanoplankton (5 to 23 µm) and picoplankton (<5 µm). In contrast, chain-forming diatoms were cleared at very low rates by copepods. Bacteria were cleared only by appendicularians (~170 to ~400 ml ind. -1 d -1 ) but not by any copepod, while heterotrophic protists constituted a substantial pro- portion in the diet of both copepods and appendicularians (~10 to 100% body carbon d -1 ), particularly during austral spring. Occasionally, copepod C-specific ingestion on heterotrophs was similar to that on autotrophic cells. Large ciliates and dinoflagellates were cleared but not ingested by the appen- dicularian O. dioica, suggesting a mechanism of trapping large cells in their houses and implying a rapid export of fresh material. Since heterotrophs are a common component in the diet of these 2 groups (omnivory by copepods and bacterophagy by appendicularians), they can potentially affect microbial food webs in this upwelling system and thus carbon export.

aquatic microbial ecology

Plankton community structure and carbon cycling in a coastal upwelling system. I. Bacteria, microprotozoans and phytoplankton in the diet of copepods and appendicularians