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Iron (Fe) is an important limiting micronutrient to phytoplankton productivity in several major oceans due to its very low dissolved concentration and dominance by organic complexation. The biological uptake of Fe complexed with natural colloidal nanoparticles (measuring between 1 kDa and 0.2 μm), which are abundant in natural seawater, is important for the understanding of Fe limitation in the sea. In this study, we quantified the bioavailability of Fe complexed with colloids of various geochemical properties to 2 important marine cyanobacteria, Synechococcus and Trichodesmium. We demonstrated that the uptake of colloidal Fe was greatly dependent on the origin, size, aging, and Fe concentration of the colloids. The uptake of colloidal Fe was at least 1.7× lower than the uptake of Fe complexed with low molecular weight compounds ( 549 nM), the uptake rate constant decreased significantly. Overall, our data demonstrated that natural colloidal Fe is bioavailable to marine cyanobacteria, but the bioavailability is clearly dependent on the colloidal geochemical characteristics.

Bioavailability of iron complexed with organic colloids to the cyanobacteria Synechococcus and Trichodesmium