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Bacterial utilization of natural levels of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was measured in the York River estuary, a sub-estuary of the Chesapeake Bay. This study was undertaken in order to elucidate spatial and temporal changes in bacterial carbon utilization and to evaluate its impor- tance as a pathway for organic matter transformation in estuaries. Multiple pools of DOC were defined based on decomposition kinetics. The first pool (G1) made up a mean of 2.8% of total DOC and had turnover times of  5 d. The second pool (G2) comprised an average of 4.9% of total DOC and had turnover times of ~1 mo. Our data indicate that although the total amount of DOC utilized was low, there was a continual supply of both the G1 and G2 fractions within the estuary. Bacterial growth efficiency on the G1 pool averaged 28%. The production of CO2 through bacterial respiration of the G1 pool could not balance CO2 evasion for the majority of the estuary. Bacterial DOC degradation in the York River estuary was limited by temperature for the majority of the year. This temperature con- straint coupled with relatively short hydrologic residence times resulted in the export of labile DOC from the estuary prior to complete bacterial decomposition. We estimate that ~10% of the riverine DOC exported annually from estuaries to the mid-Atlantic Bight (MAB) is a labile fraction of DOC that is not utilized within the estuaries due to temperature constraints on estuarine bacteria. This DOC is not inherently recalcitrant and is an allochthonous source of labile DOC for the coastal Mid- Atlantic Ocean.

Bacterial consumption of DOC during transport through a temperate estuary