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Supersaturation of methane in aerobic surface waters is a phenomenon widely observed in the ocean, albeit poorly understood. Recent studies have shown that degradation of methylphosphonate (MPn) can lead to the production of methane under aerobic conditions; however, the importance of this process has not been quantified under natural condi- tions. Here, we quantified the production of methane from dissolved MPn (d-MPn) in surface waters and observed that this process cannot account for the methane oversaturation observed in the oligotrophic waters of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Degra- dation rates of d-MPn were, however, stimulated by the addition of low concentrations of nitrate and iron, suggesting regulation of the d-MPn degradation path- way by these nutrients. Degradation of d-MPn associ- ated with sediment trap-collected particles was signif- icantly faster than in the water column, even after normalizing to particulate organic carbon, particulate phosphorus, or heterotrophic bacterial numbers, sug- gesting that MPn degradation might be localized on sinking particles. We hypothesize that MPn is trans- formed to methane directly from sinking particles, without transitioning through the dissolved phase.

Aerobic production of methane from dissolved water-column methylphosphonate and sinking particles in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre