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The marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum is an important basal resource in the marine food chain and is used as a standard test organism in toxicological studies. In this study, in vivo experiments were performed to analyze the effects of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ((C8mim)Br) on the growth, photosynthetic activity, and antioxidant enzymes of P. tricornutum using 96 h growth tests in a batch-culture system. The results showed that (C8mim)Br significantly inhibited the growth of P. tricornutum, with a 96 h EC50 of 8.89 mg l 1 , and likely restricts PSII electron transfer and light use efficiency of the diatom. With increasing (C8mim)Br concentrations, the soluble protein content in the diatom increased by 35.9, 58.5, 123.3, 197.7, and 207.0% in 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 l 1 (C8mim)Br treatments relative to the controls, respectively. Concentrations of (C8mim)Br ≤10 mg l 1 caused a slight increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (from 16.37 to 23.04 U g 1 protein) in the diatom, but inhibited its activity at concentrations above 10 mg l 1 . These observations indicate that moderate (C8mim)Br stress (about 10 mg l 1 ) likely stimulates the synthesis of proteins and free radical quenching. The general increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content suggests that the physiological effects of (C8mim)Br were caused by free radical genera- tion. Thus, potential risks exist if (C8mim)Br is accidentally released into the aquatic environment.

Physiological and biochemical responses of a marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum exposed to 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide