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Aridland rivers can present several logistical challenges for invertebrate sampling due to shifting substrate and low invertebrate densities. We compared 4 sampling methods for col- lecting both meiofauna and macroinvertebrates in an aridland river (Rio Grande, New Mexico): a water column sampling method, an epibenthic core, a throwtrap, and a stovepipe sampling method. The objective of this study was to find the most efficient combination of sampling meth- ods with which to collect the entire assemblage. Differences were tested among sampling meth- ods in terms of abundance, taxonomic richness, assemblage composition, and invertebrate body size. No single sampling method was able to provide accurate estimates of both abundance and taxonomic richness across the range of body sizes of taxa collected in this study. Invertebrates were concentrated in the epibenthos, and thus using the water column sampling method was not necessary. Samples from the epibenthic core and stovepipe sampling methods contained rela- tively high densities of small-bodied meiofauna, while throwtrap samples included both meio- fauna and macroinvertebrates. Throwtrap and epibenthic core sampling methods together pro- vided the most accurate estimates of taxonomic richness, density, abundance, and invertebrate assemblage composition, and were processed relatively efficiently in the laboratory. Sampling methods that performed well in the Rio Grande are likely to work well in other higher-order (>4) rivers with shifting substrates.

Evaluation of freshwater invertebrate sampling methods in a shallow aridland river (Rio Grande, New Mexico)