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Carbon stable isotope signatures can effectively trace food sources, elucidate trophic interactions, and presumably reflect food web structure. The present study conducted a diet- switch experiment using freshwater teleost grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella cultured for 3 mo with artificial feed that had a distinct carbon stable isotope composition. Turnover and fractiona- tion of carbon stable isotopes were determined based on the proportional contributions of metab- olism and growth to the isotopic turnover in different tissues. Carbon isotopic turnover rates showed significant differences among tissues and increased in the sequence of gill < muscle < liver due to the difference in the metabolic activities among the various tissues. Carbon half-lives based on the isotopic turnover models were 22.5 d or 1.13-fold mass increase for liver, 52.7 d or 1.35-fold mass increase for muscle and 101.1 d or 1.73-fold mass increase for gill tissue. Fraction- ation of carbon stable isotopes differed among the 3 types of tissues due to the differential bio- chemical constituents of the tissues. Based on the isotopic turnover models, the fractionation of carbon stable isotopes relative to the new diet approximately fitted the traditional carbon fraction- ation value of 1‰. Metabolism in liver and muscle tissue accounted for approximately 75-85% and 50-60% of tissue turnover, respectively, whereas only 15-25% of tissue turnover might be attributable to metabolism in the gills.

Carbon stable isotope turnover and fractionation in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella tissues