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We evaluated the effect of passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags on feeding, growth,\udmovement and survival of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis in field and laboratory\udexperiments. In cages supplied with kelp, 80% of urchins (n = 74) retained their tag during an 80 d\udfield experiment. At the end of the experiment, tagged individuals had a lower growth rate (by 42%),\udlower gonad index (by 23%), lower survival rate (by 30%), and took longer to right themselves (by\ud30%) than untagged control urchins. In a 24 h feeding experiment in the field, the consumption rate\udof kelp was lower for tagged urchins (by 67%) than for untagged controls. In release and recapture\udexperiments in the field, tagged urchins moved shorter distances over 2.5 h (by 30%) than controls.\udAlthough PIT tagging had a detrimental effect on all measures of sea urchin performance, activity\udand survival in the field, there was no detectable effect of PIT tagging on urchin feeding rate or survival\udin a 10 wk laboratory experiment. Our results suggest that natural stressors, such as wave\udaction, may limit the utility of PIT tags in field studies of urchins

Evaluation of passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags in studies of sea urchins: caution advised